題目：
A common environmental pollutant, 4-nonylphenol, promotes allergic lung inflammation in a murine model of asthma
作者：J. L. Suen1,2,3,†,*, S. H. Hsu1, C. H. Hung4, Y. S. Chao1, C. L. Lee1, C. Y. Lin1, T. H. Weng1, H. S. Yu5 andS. K. Huang6,7,† Allergy. Volume 68, Issue 6, pages 780–787, June 2013
Background
Exposure to environmental hormones, such as alkylphenols, has been suggested to be associated with the development of asthma, but the mechanism of action remains unclear.
Objective
This study examined the effect of 4-nonylphenol (NP), one of the most important alkylphenols, on conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) and adaptive T-cell responses. It also explored the role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in NP’s effect.
Methods
NP-conditioned bone marrow-derived DCs (BM-DCs) and splenic CD11c+ cDCs were assessed regarding function in a murine model under conditions relevant to route and level of exposure in humans.
Results
Our results showed that splenic cDCs from NP-exposed mice have potent Th2-skewing ability and secrete increased levels of IL-6 and TNF-α, but not IL-10 and IL-12, at baseline and after stimulation with LPS. Further, bone marrow-derived DCs were cultured in the presence of NP and showed similar cytokine pattern and influenced the antigen-specific T cells secreting significantly less IFN-γ. Importantly, NP-exposed mice developed more severe OVA-induced allergic lung inflammation compared with control group. Interestingly, in a congenic strain of mice carrying low-affinity, ligand-binding mutant AhR (AhRd), NP’s effect on DC functions and lung inflammation was not observed in vitro and in vivo.
Conclusion
These results suggested that NP may disturb physiologic function of DCs through, in part, AhR-dependent mechanisms, supporting the importance of NP exposure on the regulation of DC functions and allergic inflammation.
題目：
Brain correlates of craving for online gaming under cue exposure in subjects with Internet gaming addiction and in remitted subjects
This study aimed to evaluate brain correlates of cue-induced craving to play online games in subjects with Internet gaming addiction (IGA), subjects in remission from IGA and controls. The craving response was assessed by event-related design of functional magnetic resonance images (fMRIs). Fifteen subjects with IGA, 15 in remission from IGA and 15 controls were recruited in this study. The subjects were arranged to view the gaming screenshots and neutral images under investigation of fMRIs. The results showed that bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), precuneus, left parahippocampus, posterior cingulate and right anterior cingulate were activated in response to gaming cues in the IGA group and their activation was stronger in the IGA group than those in the control group. Their region-of-interest was also positively correlated with subjective gaming urge under cue exposure. These activated brain areas represent the brain circuit corresponding to the mechanism of substance use disorder. Thus, it would suggest that the mechanism of IGA is similar to substance use disorder. Furthermore, the IGA group had stronger activation over right DLPFC and left parahippocampus than did the remission group. The two areas would be candidate markers for current addiction to online gaming and should be investigated in future studies.
